- Table of Contents
- What is VYM? A High-Dividend U.S. ETF
- What is VOO? The Classic S&P 500 ETF
- What is VTI? Total U.S. Stock Market in One Fund
- VYM vs VOO vs VTI: Full Comparison Table
- Dividend Yield and Performance Differences
- Which One Fits You? A Type-by-Type Guide
- Summary: How to Choose Between VYM, VOO, and VTI
Table of Contents
- What is VYM? A High-Dividend U.S. ETF
- What is VOO? The Classic S&P 500 ETF
- What is VTI? Total U.S. Stock Market in One Fund
- VYM vs VOO vs VTI: Full Comparison Table
- Dividend Yield and Performance Differences
- Which One Fits You? A Type-by-Type Guide
- Summary: How to Choose Between VYM, VOO, and VTI
Hey everyone, Hirokichi here. If you’ve been searching “VYM vs VOO vs VTI,” you’ve probably noticed these three Vanguard ETFs get compared constantly by U.S. stock investors. They’re all popular, low-cost Vanguard funds, but the index each one tracks, the dividend yield, and the underlying holdings are quite different. By the end of this post, you should have a clear idea of which U.S. ETF fits your own investing style.
What is VYM? A High-Dividend U.S. ETF
VYM (Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF) tracks the FTSE High Dividend Yield Index, which is built specifically around U.S. companies that pay above-average dividends. Its expense ratio (the annual fee charged as a percentage of assets) is a low 0.04%, and the dividend yield sits around 2.4%. The fund holds roughly 440 stocks and manages about $79 billion in total net assets.
Top holdings include Broadcom, JPMorgan Chase, Exxon Mobil, Johnson & Johnson, and Chevron — a mix of financial, energy, and consumer-staples companies that tend to trade at reasonable valuations. VYM is built for investors who care more about steady dividend income than chasing capital gains.
What is VOO? The Classic S&P 500 ETF
VOO (Vanguard S&P 500 ETF) directly tracks the S&P 500 Index, the benchmark made up of 500 of the largest U.S. companies. Its expense ratio is just 0.03%, among the lowest in the industry, with a dividend yield around 1.1%. VOO is enormous, with roughly $979 billion in total net assets, making it one of the largest ETFs in the world.
Top holdings are dominated by large-cap growth names like Nvidia, Apple, and Microsoft. VOO is the go-to choice for investors who want simple, broad exposure to America’s leading companies, or who are just getting started with index investing.
What is VTI? Total U.S. Stock Market in One Fund
VTI (Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF) tracks the CRSP US Total Market Index, covering essentially the entire U.S. stock market — large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap combined, over 3,500 stocks in total. The expense ratio is 0.03%, and the dividend yield is around 1.0%, close to VOO’s level.
Top holdings look similar to VOO’s — Nvidia and Apple sit near the top — but VTI adds exposure to thousands of smaller companies that VOO doesn’t include. It’s built for investors who want to own essentially the whole U.S. market in a single fund.
VYM vs VOO vs VTI: Full Comparison Table
| Metric | VYM | VOO | VTI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF | Vanguard S&P 500 ETF | Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF |
| Index tracked | FTSE High Dividend Yield Index | S&P 500 Index | CRSP US Total Market Index |
| Expense ratio | 0.04% | 0.03% | 0.03% |
| Dividend yield (approx.) | ~2.4% | ~1.1% | ~1.0% |
| Number of holdings | ~440 | 500 | 3,500+ |
| Total net assets (approx.) | ~$79B | ~$979B | Not disclosed (very large) |
| Character | High-dividend, value-tilted | Large-cap growth focused | Maximum diversification, large to small cap |
*Figures are approximate as of July 2026 and will change over time depending on market conditions and fund provider updates.
Dividend Yield and Performance Differences
Looking purely at dividend yield, VYM is the clear winner, which makes it appealing if income is your priority. In fact, VYM has quietly gained more than 8% year-to-date in 2026, outpacing the roughly 4% gain of the S&P 500 (tracked by VOO) over the same period.
That said, this kind of move often reflects a specific market environment — in this case, money rotating toward value and high-dividend stocks amid interest-rate and tariff uncertainty. Over the long run, growth-oriented funds like VOO and VTI have led in plenty of periods too. Personally, I don’t think it makes sense to judge these ETFs based on short-term performance alone.
Which One Fits You? A Type-by-Type Guide
Based on everything above, here’s how I’d break down who each fund suits best.
- VYM fits you if: you want regular dividend income, you’re retired or drawing down your portfolio, or you’d like somewhat lower volatility.
- VOO fits you if: you want simple, concentrated exposure to America’s leading large companies, or you’re just starting out with index investing.
- VTI fits you if: you want to own the entire U.S. stock market, from large caps down to small caps, and diversification is your top priority.
In my own view, there’s nothing wrong with combining them — using VOO or VTI as your core holding and adding VYM as a satellite position when you want to boost income. You don’t have to pick just one.
Summary: How to Choose Between VYM, VOO, and VTI
VYM is about dividend income and value-tilted stocks. VOO is the classic, concentrated bet on America’s largest companies. VTI is about owning the entire U.S. market with maximum diversification. All three carry very low expense ratios, so the real decision comes down to what you personally value most in your investing approach.
* This article is for informational purposes only and does not recommend any specific investment. Please make investment decisions at your own responsibility.
Let’s keep at it, slow and steady. See you next time!
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